My Blog

Blog

  • Child with Sickle Cell Disease Gets Symptomatic Relief with Chiropractic

    Child with Sickle Cell Disease Gets Symptomatic Relief with Chiropractic

    The Journal of Pediatric, Maternal & Family Health, Chiropractic published the results of a case study on March 26, 2024, that documented chiropractic creating decreased pain episodes and improvement in the overall quality of life for a child diagnosed with sickle cell disease. According to this study’s author, “Sickle cell anemia, or sickle cell disease (SCD), is the most common genetic blood disorder in the United States. It occurs in 72,000 to 98,000 Americans.”

    The Mayo Clinics website describes this condition by saying, “Sickle cell anemia is one of a group of inherited disorders known as sickle cell disease. It affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body.” The site further notes that this condition can cause pain episodes. “Periodic episodes of extreme pain, called pain crises, are a major symptom of sickle cell anemia. Pain develops when sickle-shaped red blood cells block blood flow through tiny blood vessels to the chest, abdomen and joints.”

    In this case, and 8-year-old boy was brought to the chiropractor by his mother. The boy had been previously diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. His mother brought her son in for chiropractic care because he could not fully extend his right arm, due to trauma during his birth.

    Other symptoms the boy was experiencing included sickle cell pain episodes that were severe and occurred about 6-8 times per year. These pain episodes would range from a 5 out of 10 to a severe 10 out of ten. The episodes would last anywhere from 7 to 30 days. It was also reported that the boy would fatigue easily after activity.

    A chiropractic examination revealed the presence of multiple subluxations in the boy’s spine. Subluxations cause changes in nerve system function resulting in a decreased ability of the body to respond and adapt to health challenges.

    With parental consent, chiropractic care was started on the boy to address the subluxations that were present. As care progressed, one of the first changes the boy reported was higher levels of energy and focus both in school and after school. He was better able to complete his schoolwork and then play with his friends without complaints of low energy. His parents reported that their son had a calmer demeanor and was now, for the first time, able to play in the swimming pool during the change of season from spring to summer without experiencing a pain crisis.

    The boy did still experience some pain crisis; however, these were less frequent and of less intensity, and were usually the result of not taking his normal precautions. Over time, his right arm had continued to improve and gain flexibility and motion. The boy also showed improvements in strength, fine motor skills, and dexterity.

    In the discussion portion of this study the author explains this case by noting, “The purpose of this case study was to describe and document the effects of chiropractic care and improvements in pain episodes and the quality of life of an 8-year-old male with sickle cell anemia and to suggest chiropractic care to be added to the management of sickle cell disease for the purpose of modulating pain and therefore, increase the quality of life.”

  • Better Sleep, More Energy, Decreased Pain, and More Benefits with Chiropractic

    Better Sleep, More Energy, Decreased Pain, and More Benefits with Chiropractic

    The second quarter 2024 issue of the Asian-Pacific Chiropractic Journal published the results of a case study documenting multiple improvements in the quality and daily function of a patient undergoing chiropractic care. The patient was initially searching for relief from her pain. However, after receiving chiropractic care, the woman noticed improvements in many other health issues she was suffering with.

    Most first-time chiropractic patients seek care for some form of musculoskeletal pain such as back or neck pain. Typically, these patients are looking for pain relief from their chiropractic care. It is not uncommon that these patients are also suffering from other health concerns that they do not relate to their pain issue, and therefore do not consider chiropractic for those additional issues.

    Since the primary goal of chiropractic is the removal of spinal interferences from the nervous system, known as subluxations, and since the nervous system in the master controller of all body function, the positive effects of chiropractic often reach far beyond just pain improvement. In many cases, people new to chiropractic care will report unexpected improvements in other health issues they thought were not related to their pain.

    This case study typifies the situation where a patient receives benefits from chiropractic that they were totally not expecting. In this case, a 46-year-old woman went to a chiropractor for the first time a year after she was involved in a car accident. Her chief reason for seeking chiropractic was to get relief form constant pain in her pelvis. Walking more than 10 minutes, lying down, and standing still were all activities that made her pain worse.

    In addition to the woman’s primary reason for seeking chiropractic, she also suffered with pain in both shoulders and her neck. Upon taking a detailed history, the woman also revealed a number of other health issues she was suffering from. These included dermatitis breakouts on her face, constipation where she would only have one bowel movement every three to four weeks, digestive problems, trouble sleeping, depression, low energy, overall stiffness with movement issues, and heartburn. The woman reported that she was taking multiple medications for her health problems.

    A chiropractic examination and x-rays were performed. The results of the examination showed that there were areas of subluxation in the woman’s spine. The study authors noted, “The chiropractor’s main goal was to reduce/correct all presenting areas of vertebral subluxation in order to enhance the patient’s ability to live life optimally via increased resilience and adaptability.”

    The study reports that after 12 weeks of care, the woman experienced a significant turn-around in her health. In addition to her pains being alleviated, the woman was able to fall asleep faster without pain and sleep longer. She also reported that her bowel movements were now daily, her digestion had improved, as did her heartburn, and the dermatitis on her face had reduced. Because of her overall improvement the woman also reported taking less medications. The study quotes her as saying, “Absolutely life-changing. Haven’t felt this alive in years.”

    The authors of this study summed up this case by saying, “In this case, a novice to Chiropractic care presented hoping for an improvement in mechanical pain. However, given that better nervous system function means better organization and expression of life, by adjusting her subluxations and removing interference we were able to allow the best possible situation for optimal nervous system functioning, self-regulation and healing, thus significantly impacting quality of life.”

  • Study Shows Chiropractic Saves People Money

    Study Shows Chiropractic Saves People Money

    On March 6, 2024, the scientific journal Chiropractic & Manual Therapies published the results of a literature review study showing that people who utilized chiropractic for spine-related pain first saved money on all healthcare related costs.

    The authors of the study begin by describing the magnitude of spine related pain in society. “Spine-related musculoskeletal pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and one of the most common reasons for missed work. In the United States (U.S.), healthcare costs for low back and neck pain are rising and as of 2016 were the highest for any condition, with an estimated $134.5 billion for care related to spinal pain.”

    As reported in this study, there are many options people utilize for caring for either acute or chronic spine-related pain. These options include prescription and over-the-counter medications, manual or behavioral therapies, injections, and surgery. They also report that in the U.S., chiropractic care is one of the most commonly utilized types of care for spine-related pain.

    One of the issues related to the problem of spine-related pain is the overall costs of the care itself, as well as the “downstream costs.” Downstream costs are those additional costs that may not be directly related to the treatment of the condition but were impacted by the initial care rendered. These costs can include things such as medication side effect costs, hospital costs, work loss related costs, and costs to other areas. The authors of the study note, “For spine-related musculoskeletal pain, most often LBP, an emerging body of evidence suggests that downstream costs are significantly affected by the specialty of the initiating care provider.”

    In this study, thousands of studies were reviewed. Of those, 44 studies with valid data met the criteria and were studied to look at the overall costs of different forms of care for spine related musculoskeletal pain. The results of the study showed that overall, if a patient went to the chiropractor first for spine related pain, the costs would be greatly reduced as compared to seeking medical care first.

    The authors of the study wrote in their conclusion, “Patients with spine-related musculoskeletal pain who consulted a chiropractor as their initial provider incurred substantially decreased downstream healthcare services and associated costs, resulting in lower overall healthcare costs compared with medical management.”

    Based upon the results of the study, and the fact that much of chiropractic care costs are borne by the patient receiving care, the authors made a recommendation for the healthcare system. “When considering this evidence, it may be in society’s best interest for U.S. healthcare organizations and governmental agencies to consider modifying benefit designs to reduce barriers to access to chiropractic providers. Modifying or eliminating preauthorization requirements, medical doctor gatekeepers, arbitrary visit limits, co-pays and deductibles may all be considered. Eliminating these barriers would allow easier access to chiropractic services, which based on currently available evidence consistently demonstrate reduced downstream services and associated costs.”

  • Research Shows Chiropractic Good for Much More Than Neuromuscular Pain

    Research Shows Chiropractic Good for Much More Than Neuromuscular Pain

    A research study published on March 15, 2024, on the research site Cureus showed that chiropractic care has benefits for overall health and function well beyond just back or neck pain. Researchers reviewed 20 years of scientific studies to create this overview study on the effects of chiropractic care on overall body physiology.

    The basic premise of chiropractic is that the nervous system is the master controller of body functions. Interference to the nervous system therefore creates problems with the way various parts and systems of the body function. The focus of chiropractic has been to locate nerve system interferences at the spine, known as “subluxations”, and to correct these subluxations, allowing the nerve system to function normally. The result is a body that is functioning normally.

    With this understanding, the researchers in this study conducted an extensive search and review of scientific articles and studies showing the relationship between the nervous system and various systems in the body, and how chiropractic had an effect on these systems. They point out that the nervous system, along with the endocrine system and the immune system, are responsible for a large portion of human physiology. “In the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system, each of the three component arms – nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system – modulates one another via multiple means of “crosstalk,” in order to achieve synergistic and integrated physiological changes and coordinated adaptation to an environmental stressor.”

    The researchers in this study researched multiple areas of how human physiology was impacted by chiropractic care. These areas included blood pressure, sleep, cortisol levels, immune system function, and the levels of other body chemicals used as markers of proper body physiology. The researchers used a strict scientific criterion for inclusion of a study into their review.

    With respect to blood pressure, the researchers found 30 unique high-quality scientific studies related to blood pressure and chiropractic. In these studies, it was shown that there was a positive effect on blood pressure due to correction of vertebral subluxations. Most of these studies related the improvements of BP to specific adjustments of the upper cervical spine.

    Cortisol is a hormone commonly known as the “Stress Hormone.” According to the Australian government HealthDirect website, “Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is produced by your 2 adrenal glands, which sit on top of each kidney. When you are stressed, increased cortisol is released into your bloodstream. Having the right cortisol balance is essential for your health, and producing too much or too little cortisol can cause health problems.” This study’s review of cortisol levels related to chiropractic showed that those patients who were under chiropractic care did a better job of regulating the proper amount of cortisol hormone and therefore were more capable of handling stress.

    Sleep was another area where the researchers found 29 scientific papers showing that “chiropractic care quantitatively restores or improves sleep.” Additional positive outcomes were also seen in another 29 studies of heart rate variability, which allows the heart to properly change its speed as needed. With respect to immunity and chiropractic, the researchers found 27 qualified studies linking chiropractic care for the correction of subluxations to the restoration of proper function of the immune system, as measured by a variety of ways.

    This study also covered a number of other indicators of human body physiology which showed how chiropractic care positively affected these areas. With this data, the researchers were confident in linking chiropractic care to overall function of the body. They explained, “Integrative physiology and connectomics have established the interconnected and interdependent nature of the body’s systems. While it has long been clear that chiropractic care impacts information flow and integration within the nervous system, current research suggests that consideration of broader physiologic effects of chiropractic adjustment on the NEI system is appropriate.”

  • Chiropractic Helps Woman Stopping Mini Strokes – A Case Study

    Chiropractic Helps Woman Stopping Mini Strokes - A Case Study

    The first quarter issue of the Asian-Pacific Chiropractic Journal published the results of a case study documenting chiropractic care helping an elderly woman who was suffering with Transient Ischemic Attacks, more commonly known as mini strokes.

    For several years, there was a false narrative being promoted that chiropractic care might be a causative factor in some kinds of rare strokes. This misinformation has long been scientifically proven to be wrong as chiropractic continues to be one of the safest forms of healthcare available. The authors of this study expand upon this point early in their study by saying, “Not only was Chiropractic found to not cause stroke, it is emerging that Chiropractic care may be helpful to patients undergoing in stroke recovery.”

    In this study, a 78-year-old retired woman sought chiropractic care after spending a week in the hospital. The woman had survived multiple transient ischemic attacks. During her stay in the hospital, the medical team was unable to locate any specific site of bleeding. Because of this, the doctors informed her that she would be returning to the hospital with more strokes, which they predicted she would suffer.

    At the chiropractic office, the woman exhibited an abnormal gait, brain function issues, balance problems, and was determined to be a risk for falling. Her dizziness seemd to come in waves and affected all areas of her life. She was unable to walk without assistance and she could not drive. Additionally, the woman reported that she was having left side numbness as well as left arm and lower back weakness.

    Spinal neck x-rays were taken. The results of those x-rays as reported in the study were “abnormal cervical spine alignment, with degenerative findings and abnormal calcium in arteries of the neck.” With these findings, the patient began an intensive regime of chiropractic care that was lighter force appropriate for her condition. She also availed herself to a variety of other alternative care procedures.

    The study reports that even though the woman was told that a future stroke was inevitable, she did not suffer any further strokes after starting chiropractic care. In a follow-up visit 12 months after starting chiropractic, the woman had still not had any issues with stroke and was able to resume normal activities of her life. The study authors noted, “The patient went from very limited function, to better than normal function with a full return of independent living and activities. Given the prognosis she had received during her hospital stay, this is significant.”

    In the discussion and conclusion of the study, the authors summed up this case by stating, “Through three weeks of concentrated chiropractic care, the first of which occurred just days after the last stroke event, stabilization of the patient was able to be achieved, along with a reversal of all symptomatology related to the stroke and cervical artery stenosis.” According to the study authors, the woman credits chiropractic with saving her life and giving her a second chance.

  • Notalgia Paresthetica Helped by Chiropractic – A Case Report

    Notalgia Paresthetica Helped by Chiropractic - A Case Report

    On February 1, 2024, the result of a case study was published on the open access research site Cureus that documented the positive outcomes of a patient under chiropractic care who was suffering with notalgia paresthetica (NP). According to the Cleveland Clinic website, “Notalgia paresthetica is a neurological condition that causes intense itching, burning or a tingling sensation between your shoulder blade and spine. The condition isn’t dangerous to your health, but it can be uncomfortable.”

    This study begins by pointing out that NP is often associated with spinal degeneration of the neck or upper back as seen on spinal x-rays. They note that medical treatment for this condition is mainly focused on the alleviation of symptoms, but the medications used can themselves create significant side effects creating additional health concerns.

    In this case, a 54-year-old woman went to the chiropractor seeking relief from her right-side upper back itching, which the study referred to using the scientific term “pruritus”. The woman rated the itching on average as a 4 out of 10. She had been suffering with this problem for six years. Over that time, the woman had tried numerous topical creams and lotions that did not give her much relief. She also reported a tightness in her neck and upper back. At one point, the woman visited a neurologist, who diagnosed her with NP and recommended she see a chiropractor.

    At her first visit to the chiropractor, a chiropractic examination was performed. The examination revealed that the woman’s shoulders were more rounded than normal, and she had an increased hunched over curve in her upper back. Additional findings showed areas of restricted motion and sensitivity to touch in her neck. Spinal x-rays of her neck showed moderate spinal degeneration in the mid-lower neck along with malpositioning of the vertebrae.

    Based on the results of the examination and x-rays, chiropractic adjustments were started. This study referred to the adjustment using the scientific wording of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). Just two days after her first chiropractic adjustment, the woman sent a message to the office stating that her symptoms of neck tightness and itching were almost completely gone. The study reports that after the second chiropractic adjustment, the woman reported that her symptoms were completely gone. A later follow-up showed no return of her symptoms.

  • Vertebral Subluxation Highly Prevalent in Patients Seeking Chiropractic Care

    Vertebral Subluxation Highly Prevalent in Patients Seeking Chiropractic Care

    On February 15, 2024, the Annals of Vertebral Subluxation Research published the results of a study showing that vertebral subluxations were commonly found in patients who were seeking chiropractic care for a variety of health issues. This study may be the first large scale study looking at how common subluxations are found by chiropractors.

    The study begins by pointing out that “Vertebral subluxation (VS) is a clinical entity defined as a misalignment of the spine affecting biomechanical and neurological function. The identification and correction of VS is the primary focus of the chiropractic profession.” The Association of Chiropractic Colleges has defined subluxation as “…a complex of functional and/or structural and/or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ system function and general health.”

    This study reviewed the available evidence to see just how common subluxations were determined to be present in patients seeking chiropractic care. This is important as chiropractors have seen subluxation as a major factor affecting the health and wellbeing of the population. The study authors commented, “The primary premise of the chiropractic profession is that the body is a self-maintaining, self-healing organism and that reducing and/or correcting VS allows the nervous system to function better and allows the fullest expression of life.”

    The statistical results of this study showed that of the sample size of 1851 chiropractic patients, the average patient age was just slightly over 43 years. Children under the age of 18 were excluded from the study. Additionally, women were more commonly chiropractic patients, making up 64.6% of the total number. The study showed that people seeking chiropractic care were looking for help with a variety of health issues including things such as spinal or extremity pain, numbness, or tingling; headaches; ear, nose, and throat-related issues, visceral issues. mental health concerns, neurocognitive issues, and concerns about their general health.

    The study showed that of all the patients seeking chiropractic care in this study, 78.55% of them were determined to have subluxations. The percentage of men with subluxations was found to be slightly higher than found in women. Subluxation findings were higher in patients ages 18 to 30, with 86.33% having subluxations, while those over the age of 70 years had a rate of subluxation at 73.88%.

    In their conclusion, the study authors summed up this study and the findings by saying, “The results of this study suggest a high rate of prevalence of VS in a sample of individuals who sought chiropractic care. Concerns about general health and wellness were represented in the sample and suggest chiropractic may serve a primary prevention function in the absence of disease or injury.”

  • Positive Health Outcomes for a Child Diagnosed with ADHD Following Chiropractic

    Positive Health Outcomes for a Child Diagnosed with ADHD Following Chiropractic

    The Journal of Pediatric, Maternal & Family Health Chiropractic published the results of a case study on March 1, 2024, documenting the positive health outcomes from chiropractic care for a child who had been diagnosed with ADHD. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control describes Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on their website by stating, “ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors (may act without thinking about what the result will be), or be overly active.”

    The author of this study begins by pointing out how common this issue has become. “There has been an astounding increase in certain childhood mental health diagnoses in society today. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is just one of the many increasing mental health conditions in children, which has shown increased prevalence rates from an estimated 6% in 1997 to 10% in 2017. Upwards of 15% of US children are utilizing the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.”

    Chiropractic care is becoming a more common form of what is called complementary and alternative care for children with ADHD. The author reports that “…statistics have shown that more than 30 million children visit chiropractors every year. Approximately 7-12% of children with ADHD are utilizing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) options for care.”

    In this case, an 11-year-old boy with a diagnosis of ADHD was brought to the chiropractor. The boy’s history showed that he was born 9 weeks premature. By elementary school, the boy had difficulties with reading and reading comprehension. His parents had been utilizing various exercises and home therapies to help their son with his ADHD issues. They also started to have their son play golf with his father. Due to his issues, the boy had difficulties and was unable to perform several of these exercises.

    A chiropractic evaluation was performed, and specific forms of chiropractic adjustments were started. The study reports that after the first adjustment, the boy was able to do the home exercises better than previously, allowing an increase in his home exercise routine. By the boy’s 8th chiropractic visit, the boy was testing better on all levels and reported that his golf game had also improved. As chiropractic care continued, the study reports that the boy continued to show improvement in his level of frustration and all the objective testing performed for ADHD.

    This study adds to the growing body of evidence in the form of case studies showing chiropractic helping individual children who have been diagnosed with ADHD. It should be noted that chiropractors do not claim to treat ADHD, but through improvement in nerve system function, many of the issues created by ADHD can be improved.

  • Tonsillitis Resolved Under Chiropractic Care

    Tonsillitis Resolved Under Chiropractic Care

    The Journal of Upper Cervical Chiropractic Research released the results of a case study on February 1, 2024, documenting the resolution of enlarged tonsils on a pediatric patient receiving chiropractic care. According to the National Library of Medicine’s National Center for Biotechnology Information, “Tonsillitis, or inflammation of the tonsils, is a common disease and makes up approximately 1.3% of outpatient visits.”

    This study begins by referencing a previous study on tonsillitis and chiropractic care. “A study conducted in England in 1991 revealed significant findings regarding the treatment of tonsillitis in children. When twenty-seven children received adjustments, twenty-five experienced complete relief from their symptoms.” The study suggests a link between subluxations and the susceptibility of tonsilitis infections.

    Additional research cited by the author of this study showed that “Tonsillitis is strongly associated with restricted movement in the craniocervical junction. Among seventy-six children diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis and movement restriction in this area, a striking seventy of them showed spinal dysfunction between the occiput and atlas.”

    A third previous study on this subject was described by the author when he said, “Further investigation involved thirty-seven children who had not undergone surgery. After receiving adjustments, they were followed up for five years. Impressively, 67.6% of these children were entirely cured of tonsillitis, while the remaining cases experienced relapses and required additional chiropractic -based care. Among twenty-five children who had their tonsils surgically removed, nineteen still suffered from movement restriction even after the surgery, necessitating chiropractic for relief.”

    In this case, a mother brought her 5-year-old daughter to a chiropractor because her daughter had enlarged tonsils. At that time, her daughter was not having any pain or symptoms from the tonsillitis, but her mother wanted to avoid the possibility of tonsil surgery. Surgery had been suggested by an ENT who examined the little girl.

    A chiropractic examination was performed which showed a decrease in motion of the upper neck area along with swelling of the tissues in that area. Thermography and surface EMG tests were also performed. Neck x-rays were taken to rule out pathologies and look for the presence of vertebral subluxations. From these tests, it was determined that subluxations were present in the girl’s spine.

    Specific forms of chiropractic care were started to address the subluxations. The results of the adjustments were an overall improvement in the girl’s function and a reduction of the size of the tonsils. The study author summed up the results of chiropractic care in this case in his conclusion when he stated, “This case study exemplifies the effective management of a pediatric patient experiencing tonsillitis, potentially linked to upper cervical vertebral subluxation.”

  • Long Term Back Pain, Neck Pain, and Leg Pain Helped by Chiropractic

    Long Term Back Pain, Neck Pain, and Leg Pain Helped by Chiropractic

    A case study published by Cureus on January 3, 2024, and appearing on the National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information website documented the improvement of chronic widespread pain with chiropractic. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers chronic pain to be pain lasting more than 3 months. Many people have pain that has been present much longer than that.

    The CDC reports that, “During 2021, an estimated 20.9% of U.S. adults (51.6 million persons) experienced chronic pain, and 6.9% (17.1 million persons) experienced high-impact chronic pain.” They also note that chronic pain is linked with depression, dementia, substance abuse, and a higher rate of suicide. The U.S. National Institutes of Health states that “Chronic pain is highly persistent, with almost two-thirds (61.4%) of those who reported chronic pain in 2019 still reporting chronic pain a year later.”

    As bad as the problem of chronic pain is, this study documents a patient who suffered from chronic pain for 48 years before receiving chiropractic care. In this case, a 60-year-old man presented himself at a chiropractic office. His history revealed that at age 12 he was injured while lifting hay bales on a farm. For years, he treated the pain by taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Eventually, the OTC medications stopped giving any relief and the man was developing GI problems from continually taking these medications.

    Upon going to the chiropractor, the man reported long-term pain in multiple areas. These included his upper back and shoulders, neck, lower and mid back pain, and leg pain. He had been suffering with these pains for continually for 48 years. As a result of these problems, the man reported a significant reduction in his physical abilities.

    A chiropractic examination was performed which included a postural assessment, range of motion tests, orthopedic testing, pain assessment testing, and spinal x-rays. The findings from the examination and x-rays showed multiple positive results including abnormal spine alignment, and disability due to the pain. Based upon this, it was determined to start a program of specific chiropractic care.

    The results of the chiropractic care were recorded on a re-assessment examination performed after 12 visits. A number of objective tests were performed which showed improvement to the point where most of the tests no longer showed any restrictions or positive findings. At that time, the man reported that his worst pain, which was his lower back, was 90% improved. He also reported that his leg pain was totally gone, as was his mid-back pain and his neck and shoulder pains. One year later, a follow-up was done which showed that all his improvements were still present.

    In summing up this case and how chiropractic can have a beneficial affect on people suffering from long term pain, the authors of the study stated, “The aim of this study is to present the successful treatment in a patient suffering from pain and disability due to long term results of injury as teen. This study can provide clinicians with a treatment option for treating patients suffering with chronic pain.”

Powered by
►
Necessary cookies enable essential site features like secure log-ins and consent preference adjustments. They do not store personal data.
None
►
Functional cookies support features like content sharing on social media, collecting feedback, and enabling third-party tools.
None
►
Analytical cookies track visitor interactions, providing insights on metrics like visitor count, bounce rate, and traffic sources.
None
►
Advertisement cookies deliver personalized ads based on your previous visits and analyze the effectiveness of ad campaigns.
None
Powered by